Dive to the Heart: Some Basic Science and Explanations of INTERSTELLAR

Have you watched the movie? I would highly recommend it but for some some people it may be too deep to understand.

I'd say it was a great movie with many thrill rides along the way and jam packed with physics, lots and lots of physics. Not to mention the very nicely done portrayal of space, wormholes, blackholes and the many wonders of the universe that normal people probably won't get the chance to see in our lifetime.

I am writing this to explain some basic science and concepts of the movie and its plots, so SPOILER WARNING for those who haven't watched it yet.

Disclaimer: I do not claim to be an expert in astrophysics or any physics for that matter, all information below is based on information I learnt in my studies and general information.

Lets start with the plan they have:

Plan A: Travel to a new planet to confirm that it is hospitable (a choice of Miller, Mann and Edmunds), return to Earth and then using Professor Brand's gravity solution to move people of Earth in a space station towards the new planet with the power of gravity.

Side note: Halfway through the movie you kinda forget why they are so hyped about the gravity solution, its because Professor Brand promised to solve the solution and harness the power of gravity to lift people away from Earth. However the solution can never be found because it was missing data from a black hole's singularity to complete it (More about singularity below). With the help of Coop, Murph solved the gravity formula and discovered the way to manipulate gravity and lift people on Earth in a space station named Cooper Station into space and towards the new planet Edmund, which is why it is orbiting Saturn and found Cooper drifting in space.

Plan B: Travel to a new planet to confirm that it is hospitable (a choice of Miller, Mann and Edmunds) and use frozen embryos to repopulate the new planet (which is why there is a female crew on board).

Some basic science of the movie:

There is no air in space, Sound is transmitted through vibrations through the air. No air = no sound in space. Hence you see a lot of soundly shots as the ship is maneuvering in space.
When they dock on the Endurance for the first time, they spin the endurance so that the centrifugal force creates an artificial gravity. Coop maintains the rotating speed when gravity reaches 1G which is the standard number for gravity on Earth. Subsequently, the gravity of our moon is 0.6G, at Miller is 1.3G, and Mann's is 0.8G.
A wormhole is placed by future humans near Saturn. A wormhole is a short-cut to other parts of the universe. Its existence is still in debate among scientists.
Gargantua is a black hole not a wormhole. A Black Hole is something with a gravity so powerful it sucks everything in it, including light which makes it black. No one knows what's in it because everything is only one way in.
Miller's planet is orbiting the Gargantua like the moon orbiting the Earth, hence the gravity of Gargantua is affecting it increasing Miller's gravity.
Basically the more powerful the gravity, the slower time runs. (Yes, gravity affects time.) The gravity of Miller's planet combine with Gargantua's was so much that 1 hour in Miller = 7 years Earth time.
The huge waves in Miller's planet is caused by the massive gravity of Gargantua, like how moon's gravity affect the waves on Earth.
When the crazy Dr. Mann didn't dock properly on the endurance, the air from the inside of the Endurance gets vacuumed out into space. Because space has no air at all, the pressure of air flowing out into space from the Endurance becomes so powerful that it blasts the Lander and Dr. Mann out instantaneously. Air pressure will push air from a room with high air pressure (Endurance) to a room with low air pressure (space), the larger the difference in air pressure the greater the force of the pressure.
Boom! And the Endurance spins into Mann's planet. In space there is no air or force to slow down any movements, so once the Endurance starts to spin, it will virtually keep spinning forever until an obstacle is met.
This is basically how space travel is done. The ship only needs to push enough force to make the ship go forward, and because there is no air or force to stop the ship, the ship will continue with the same speed and direction virtually forever without having to constantly apply fuel. Unlike on Earth you have to keep pressing the gas to keep your car going because air and friction is always slowing your car down. This is why the astronauts can take stasis naps for years for the journey from Earth to Saturn,
When Cooper tries to match the rotation of the Endurance to dock his Lander, the spinning of the ship causes high levels of gravitational force (see No. 2), high levels of gravitational force (G Force) will cause people to faint, which is why Dr. Brand fainted for awhile, and Cooper told TARS to take the stick if he faints as well. Astronauts and fighter plane pilots wear special suits to protect against high G Force so that they don't faint easily.
When Cooper and Brand decides to use the high gravity of the Gargantua to pull the ship around it and then blast off to Edmund's planet, he mentioned Newton's 3rd Law of Motion: When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body. Simply put, when you push against a wall, the wall pushes back against you with the same force.
Cooper hopes that with this law, by dropping 2 space ships our from Endurance into Gargantua, the force of dropping the ships into it will create force for Endurance to get out of it.
Nothing can get out of a black hole, but some scientists theorize that you can get out if you enter a 5 dimensional universe (which is where Cooper went).
Singularity is where matter is infinitely dense, imagine all everything in this world being compressed into a single point. When Cooper and TARS entered the black hole singularity, it was constructed to be a 5 dimensional universe where time is seen as a physical plane. It is the date in this dimension that is needed to complete the gravity problem.
Cooper was sucked in the Gargantua entering a dimension where time is lay out frame by frame, the thing that Cooper was doing to the books and sand and the watch are all manipulating gravity. As he said gravity can transcend time and space, hence it is possible to play and use gravity to communicate to the past. Which is why he cannot just write a note and pass it to his daughter from within the black hole.
The Gargantua has massive gravity hence the time there is super slow. By the time Cooper finished helping his daughter, time on Earth has already passed many decades.
Because Brand was also near Gargantua to be slingshot to Edmund's planet Brand got out of Gargantua's gravity almost the same time as Cooper, which is why Amelia Brand is still young and just landed at Edmunds about the time Cooper was found in Cooper Station.
Humans in a very very far future created the wormhole and the black hole space so that Cooper will help ensure that the human race will survive their fate on Earth.

A nicely portrayed Gargantua, the black hole

Some scientifically inaccuracy in the movie:

Because of the massive gravity on Miller's planet, Cooper and Brand's ship would need a lot of energy to blast off from its surface, probably more than what the Lander is capable of producing.

With the super massive gravity from the black hole Gargantua, Cooper would have been travelling in light speed when entering it. Humans traveling at this speed will cause massive friction and Cooper would have been disintegrated before he reach the singularity of the black hole.
The temperature of a super massive black hole would have been too high for Cooper to survive in it with his space suit.
Also, since Gargantua is a super massive black hole, the massive gravity and time dilation would mean that time around Cooper and Brand would pass so slow when they are in the black hole area, that hundreds of years would have passed when they return to normal space-time.

Well, I hope what I wrote was simple enough for everyone to understand.

Even if you don't understand, it is still a great thrill ride.

As I said, I am not an expert in any field above, feel free to correct me if I am wrong.

To further confuse you of their timeline, here is a timegraph (taken frm reddit.com):